Maximizing Defensive Assets

Kris Kelly

Know your foe.
There are lots of ways you can get the most out of your defensive matchups and it starts with not only knowing your own players but also knowing your opponents. The more familiar you are with the opposing team’s offensive weapons ahead of time, the better you can prepare to counter them quickly and effectively. Furthermore, as important as it is to recognize primary play makers, it’s just as important to know how the rest of your roster compares overall to the other team’s personnel.

When deciding what kind of matchup to assign your “best” defender, a defender’s physical strengths, which offensive position(s) s/he is most adept at defending, and the D-line’s competencies versus the opposition are all factors. Ask yourself:

A. Does it make sense to put your best defender on a go-to player of similar skill and stature in hopes of containing him/her, throwing off the offensive flow, and then relying mainly on your other defenders to generate the D, or

B. Is it better in the situation at hand to give your best defender a mismatch and have him/her bait and get a D while relying on the rest of your defenders to challenge the other primary play maker(s)?

Making these distinctions is difficult without at least an idea of what your competition brings to the field and how your whole team matches up to them. Otherwise it’s likely that you will waste time with trial and error and guesswork, which could make the difference between a win and a loss.

To sub or not to sub?
Who you consider your “best” defender to be might be someone different from game to game depending on who the other team’s offensive weapons are and what they do. However, there are some basic principles that can be applied regardless of specifics.

1. If it’s not broken don’t fix it.

Sometimes it’ll take a few points for a defender to get a feel for what an opponent’s go-to moves are and how to respond to them. Once that happens, if the defender continues to be effective and take away those looks, it would make sense to let that defender keep doing what s/he’s doing. A switch would mean that someone new might also need a few points to figure out what someone else already has and that might turn out to be a few points too many. With that being said…

2. If you’re worried about wear and tear or predictability, don’t be afraid to rotate.

The two big problems with having the same matchup for a whole game are the risks of burning out your best defender and allowing the offense too much time to read the defense and adjust. To avoid these situations, having 1-2 acceptable backups to switch off can be a good strategy. This way, you give your primary defender an occasional rest, which will help him/her make it through the tournament intact, and you keep the offense on their toes since no two people defend exactly the same way. In order to help the learning curve when putting in a new defender, the primary defender should also take a few seconds to brief the backups on what s/he has already figured out so that it hopefully takes less time to fill the role than it would have otherwise.

3. If it’s broken, fix it promptly.

A defense cannot afford to allow easy scores. Even if the defense gets scored on eventually in a given point, one of their jobs is to make the other team’s offense grind it out and get them tired. A tired offense gets sloppy and makes mistakes, which leads to that break opportunity. Also, in situations where your offense is working hard for their scores, it’s really important for the defense to stay on the field to give them the time to recover so they can be productive on the next offensive point.

If within 2 points, the opposition’s offense has scored without so much as a contested throw, something has to change. It doesn’t have to be drastic since those kinds of changes might take longer than a point or two formulate and implement, but even something as slight as a few matchup switches or a force change or throwing a zone could shake things up a little bit and make your defense more effective.

Don’t forget about the big picture.
How you decide to use your “best” defender(s) from game to game requires taking a big picture look at overall strategy for the tournament. What are your goals for the tournament? Which are the games you have to win? Which games (if any) can you afford to lose? Which are the games you would like to win but don’t have to win? At what point do you consider a game to be a lost cause (and is this even an acceptable thing to consider)? Answers to these kinds of questions can help lead you in the right direction when thinking about when and how much to use your defensive studs.


A Little Theory & A Lot Of Practice

Kris Kelly

It can be easy to make excuses for not playing team defense in Mixed Ultimate, especially in man-to-man set-ups. About half the people on the field you would never choose to mark up on/cover prior to the pull, the people you want to set up switches with may not be the closest people to you, and the person in the best position to help you might not be the obvious choice given the situation. However, with practice and communication, there’s no reason why skills such as poaching, switching, and being heads-up in general can’t be incorporated into a defense’s repertoire.

Unfortunately, there are no strict rules for teaching these skills since the configuration of genders on the field is so unpredictable and ever-changing; also, a person’s thinking will often have to shift from moment to moment between guarding one’s person, guarding one’s gender, and knowing when to help out regardless of gender. It can be a lot to process and therefore becomes more a function of being able to react dynamically, which is, in larger part, based on a person’s/D-team’s experiences. Therefore, while theoretical explanation can help foster understanding of the basics, honing the skills is best done via real or simulated game situations.

A LITTLE THEORY…

Low Risk/High Reward Poaching

One of the easier poaching strategies to master in Mixed is a woman poach in the lane off of the woman handler. Often times, this offensive position will stay behind or around the disc and so a poach will never be too far from putting a mark on. The biggest advantage to this poach is that, if done properly, she can cut off the in-cuts, which means that the downfield defenders can back a little, thus the out-cuts are also covered. Then when the disc goes to the woman handler, the downfield defense can adjust to covering the in-cuts since this is generally the more dangerous part of the field at that point. The challenge for the poacher is to position herself so that she can see where the cuts are coming in while also keeping track of where the thrower is looking. Sideline talk can help her be in the right place at the right time. This D can be especially effective given adverse weather conditions and can be a way to switch up the D from zone to man so that the offense doesn’t get too comfortable with one particular look.

Prepare for Switching to Make the D’s Job Easier

Switching can take several different directions in Mixed. Although there are times when there is switching between genders, it is usually out of momentary necessity (i.e. zone O to man D transition) and looks to be resolved as quickly as possible since those are probably not the match-ups you are hoping for. However, switching within a gender leads to more equitable match-ups, can be planned for, and can be used to make defense easier and help save your legs a bit.

Being able to prepare for switches with players of your own gender depends on how the offense sets up and how quickly they get going. If there are two people of your gender in the stack, one defender could cover the in-cut and one could cover the out-cut. If there are three people of your gender in the stack, you could set up an in/out/middle or an in/out/break (this one is great around the endzone where there is less field to cover on the force side and a break side throw could lead to an easy score). The thing to remember is that the genders are probably spaced out in different places in the stack and so you have to keep an eye on what all the cutters of your gender are doing and continue to communicate with your teammate(s) when your wo/men start making their moves.

Switches become slightly trickier when the offense is in a split or ho stack. With the split stack, unless two of your gender are set up on one side of the field (in which case you could set up in/out), preparing for switches probably isn’t possible. And with ho stack, the spacing between offensive players is probably greater than with a straight stack so, again, unless two of one gender are next to each other to provide an in/out set up opportunity, switching could prove to be more trouble than it’s worth (although it might be worth a try anyway to see for yourself—defensive points are the times to take chances). What it comes down to is being aware of where the genders are set- up, what opportunities for switching, if any, that provides, and then communicating intensions with your teammates.

Be Heads Up and Go Get It If You Can

One mentality that needs to be avoided in Mixed is the one where a defender thinks s/he should only go for a disc that is meant for someone of his/her own gender. If you are in a position to make a bid on a disc, do it. This means knowing where the disc is, where the intended pass is going, and gauging the risk of leaving your person relatively undefended (if the situation calls for it). Probably the most advantageous places on the field for one to be heads up are the front of the stack, last in the stack, and as the person clearing out of the lane. The first person in the stack can keep an eye out for the quick, straight pass up the middle; the last person has to be aware of the deep shot; the defender clearing out of the lane can see the next cut coming in and can intercept the pass to that cut if the timing is right. I’ve found that one of the more fun things about being a woman in Mixed Ultimate is being underestimated. Sometimes you can make that work for you and get your team turns in the process.

AND A LOT OF PRACTICE

Provide Opportunities for Collective Learning

Team D is all about knowing each other and working together and for that you mostly have to learn together. So your aim as a team should be to get your D exposed to as many different situations and conditions as possible. In terms of practice time, 10-pull or some variation of it is a great “drill” because it lets the defense work together more intensely than a simple scrimmage would. Controlled scrimmage, such as a game to 5 with play stoppage, can also be valuable for real-time pointing out of where people are and where they should be for more efficient and effective defense. Then of course it is also extremely important to try some of these things out on people who don’t have the inside track to what you’ve been working on. Worthwhile pre-series tournaments, as many as you can get your team to, are imperative for D-team development. A brief huddle after certain D points where the line can discuss positives, negatives, and adjustments will help to increase their collective learning.

Communicate, Communicate, Communicate!

Team D isn’t just about the 7 people on the field; it’s also about the other 10-20 on the sideline. True team D gets them involved as well. It is at times impossible for a single defender to see everything s/he needs to see in order to play the best D and so having another member of your team in your ear from the sideline for the duration of the point is invaluable. From the line before the pull, a defender should pick an available teammate from the sideline to talk to him/her and it is that person’s responsibility to follow the defender and let him/her know what is going on elsewhere on the field that would effect how one plays D (i.e. who has the disc, where the disc is, where the thrower is looking, where the cuts are going, etc.). Regardless of what kind of D you are playing, communication on the field and from the sideline is a must. The best communication comes from familiarity with each other’s voices, which is why being vocally active in everything from a basic endzone drill to sideline encouragement helps make sure that communication comes more naturally and will be there when it matters most.


Know Your Thrower, Make It Easy

Kris Kelly

When thinking about cutting in the endzone, the first thing to consider is if you even should cut. You have to assess where the space is and the convenience of your angle to that space. You need to know who your thrower is and what they are comfortable with (if you cut to where you intend to cut, will the thrower have the throw to hit you accurately enough for it to be a score?). You need to know how you fair with your match-up compared to others’ match- ups. And of course you need to be aware of how many people are up field and where and how they are set up, which is likely a function of the kind of play just completed to get you within 5 yards of the endzone.

If after this split second assessment you decide that you should in fact cut, your next job is to make it as easy as possible for both you and the thrower. If a handler has possession of the disc, this probably makes your job easier as a cutter because there are more options of places you can go and still be a viable target. Number 1 easy cut: breakside, looking for a leading around break or an inside break in the gut. Number 2 easy cut: from the front of the stack, a few hard steps to the open side with a quick cut back to the center of the field for a short throw right up the middle (this one requires a well spread out stack so that the second person in the stack doesn’t find his/her defender tempted to poach).

If a non-handler has the disc, you as a cutter will probably have to work a little bit harder to make sure that the target you are providing is as standard as it can be. This means beating your defender to the open side outright. Run straight at your defender and erase their buffer as quickly as possible, make one juke/stutter step, and sprint right past them on their inside shoulder while they are on their heels. Getting rid of the buffer quickly is really the key because the longer they are able to keep the buffer, the less room you have until the end of your cutting lane and the less likely it will be that you will be open or in the endzone once you are finished with your cut.

In my experience, the overall best thing a team can do when it comes to cutter set up in the redzone/endzone is get in a nice spread out, straight stack down the middle of the field. From here, you have the most options for different people to get open from various places in the stack and the person with the disc can make the call of what s/he wants to see. And even if you want to make it quick and painless to score, sometimes the best thing to do is still to dump it, either because it puts the disc in better hands, because it can be easier to cut from movement than stagnation, or because high stall counts can force poor decisions and a reset helps maintain all-around composure.


Trap Hard & Smart

Kris Kelly

A trap cup zone is a common and effective configuration in Mixed Ultimate. It looks to create pressure and mismatches at the disc. The handlers, who touch the disc most in zone offense, are depended upon by the rest of the team to be consistent and unflappable when working a zone D. An aggressive trap cup can serve to fluster and frustrate the handlers, whether it’s because they themselves are having trouble moving the disc or because others are having trouble getting them the disc. When the handlers become uncomfortable, the rest of the offense snowballs along with them. Often a trap cup will focus on: (1) forcing in the direction where the wind is making the swing throws easier so that breaking the mark/cup back the other direction is very difficult and (2) forcing the disc to the sideline where there is a female handler and/or a weaker thrower (not necessarily a handler).

In the presented scenario where the wind is unpredictable, the D will probably focus on (2). The idea is to put 1-2 people (usually men) in the cup who have exceptional marks and are difficult to get around. The defense is hoping to create hand and foot blocks (especially against female handlers where a difference in physical size lends itself more easily to these types of blocks) as well as force poor execution and/or decision-making that result in discs either getting turfed or caught in the wind. In addition, while the mark is making it tougher to get a throw off, the rest of the cup is creating even more of a challenge by taking away typical go-to throws (the dump, the crash, and the IO, for example). The first and most natural thing the offense will want to do is get it around the mark or through the cup since going over the top in these conditions would seemingly be a very low percentage choice. But with so much pressure on the thrower as well as on the other bailout positions, everyone crowds the disc, the field gets smaller, and then urgency and panic lead to blocks and turns.

The downfield of this zone is usually set up with the men in the middle of the field and women on the wings. This is because the defenders in the middle of the field tend to have to cover more ground than the wings and men typically can do this more effectively. Your deep-deep should be the guy with speed and ups who can cover ground and pull high, floaty throws out of the air. Your short-deep is preferably quick and squirrelly due to the fact that most teams have their best cutter(s) popping; a highly reflexive layout trigger would also be an advantage at short-deep since throws up the middle are usually shorter and happen quickly, leaving little time to process and respond to them. Wings need to have a lot of field awareness since they have to cover their sideline as well as help out the short-deep and deep-deep depending on where the disc is, where the offense is cutting, and how the genders are set up. They have to communicate a lot with those defending the middle of the field so that everyone knows what their defensive priority is.

As is obvious from the name of the configuration, the effectiveness of trap cup zone D depends largely on the cup. When the cup is moving, it has to do so as a unit to avoid opening up holes through it. There will almost always be men and women in the cup; therefore the members of the cup face the challenge of finding a happy medium in the pace that they run so they can both move quickly across the field and stay together. Also, the cup has to communicate effectively about when to put the trap on and who will be guarding what during the trap. If either of these points is not coordinated, the zone is more likely to fall apart. Getting the cup in sync takes practice, which is why having a handful of players who specialize at running the cup together will only help to make your zone stronger. But until this sort of oneness becomes natural for the cup, it is vulnerable.

Depending on how the cup is being breached, a couple of things could need adjusting:

1. The members of the cup might need to mark up differently on the handler(s)/those closest to the disc in order to take away the throw or move that is consistently breaking them. 2. The short-deep might need to communicate better where the cuts are coming in, direct the cup where to go, and plug whatever hole that might create. 3. The strong-side wing might need to step up to help out the cup and/or short-deep, which means that the deep-deep might need to drift to the strong-side to help out the wing, and the weak-side wing might need to pull back and pinch into the center a bit more to help out the deep-deep.

If there was time to talk to just one player during a time-out, it would be to tell the mark what throw(s) from what player(s) are hurting us at the moment and to shift the appropriate way to take it away, thus hopefully re- establishing a feeling of discomfort and frustration at once again not allowing them to throw what they want. All other adjustments on the field domino from whatever the mark is doing. If you’ve prepared your zone well, everyone else on the field should know what to do and where to be based on how the mark positions himself.